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Hardness Tester

Jinan Kason: Ua Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Hardness Tester Chaw tsim tshuaj paus thiab tsum nyob hauv Suav teb

Peb tau tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim thiab tsim cov hlau, cov khoom tsis yog hlau thiab cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke rau ntau xyoo thiab tau pab cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm ntau tshaj 150 lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij kev kuaj cov khoom siv Hoobkas, peb cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb tau tshwm sim hauv

Ua kom tiav cov chaw tsim khoom

Peb lub tuam txhab muaj cov chaw tsim khoom thiab chaw ua haujlwm xws li kev tshawb fawb kev tshawb fawb chaw ua haujlwm, hluav taws xob installation thiab commissioning lub tsev, kev sib dhos zaum kawg, kev cob qhia tshuab hnyav, machining rhiav, blanking rhiav, painting rhiav, ntsuas chav, khoom showroom, thiab lwm yam.

Ntau hom khoom

Peb cov khoom tseem ceeb muaj xws li hydraulic universal test machines, electronics universal test machines, compression testing machines, spring test machines, impact test machines, torsion test machines, hardness testers, and testing machine accessories.

Kev Ua Haujlwm nplua nuj

Peb cov khoom raug xa tawm mus rau thoob ntiaj teb kev lag luam xws li lub teb chaws Yelemees, Tebchaws Meskas, Spain, Australia, Ltalis, South Africa, Kaus Lim Qab Teb, Pakistan, Malaysia, Thaib, thiab Singapore. Peb muaj cov kws tshaj lij kev muag khoom ua ntej, kev muag khoom thiab kev pabcuam tomqab muag los muab kev pabcuam muaj zog thiab kev pabcuam tshaj lij rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws.

Professional Qualification Certification

Peb lub tuam txhab tau ua tiav dhau ISO9001 kev ua haujlwm zoo, ISO14000 ib puag ncig kev tswj hwm, kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb, thiab daim ntawv pov thawj CE. Lub tuam txhab tau txais tag nrho ntawm 22 lub teb chaws tso cai patents, suav nrog 2 lub teb chaws invention patents, 13 lub teb chaws siv hluav taws xob qauv patents, thiab 7 lub teb chaws tsim patents.

Tsev 1234 Rau sab kawg
Luv luv qhia txog Hardness Testers
 

Hardness testers siv indenters zoo li cov pyramids thiab pob los nias, ntaus lossis khawb cov khoom kom ua rau deformation. Tom qab ntawd peb yuav txiav txim rau cov khoom uas nyuaj dua thaum cov deformations me dua. Niaj hnub nimno hardness test pib nrog Brinell hardness test. Txhawm rau ua kom tawv tawv tsis muaj tseeb, peb yuav tsum ntsuas nws siv lub ntsuas tawv tawv, ib yam dab tsi uas tsis deform tawm tsam ib qho khoom. Tom qab ntawd lub hardness yuav txiav txim ntau npaum li cas los ntawm deformation ntawm cov khoom.

Rockwell Hardness Testing Tshuab Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm

 

Siv lub tshuab kuaj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo los nias lub pob zeb diamond pob cone indenter lossis tungsten carbide (los yog steel) pob indenter rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom raug kuaj raws li cov xwm txheej, thiab ntsuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tob tob. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tau muab faib ua peb theem: kev siv quab yuam thiab kev tshem tawm quab yuam:

Pen Type Leeb Hardness Tester

Kauj ruam 1

Ua tus indenter hu rau tus qauv thiab siv lub zog ua ntej. Tom qab tswj xyuas qhov kev sim ua ntej rau lub sijhawm nyob hauv, ntsuas lub hauv paus qhov tob ntawm qhov indentation.

Knoop Micro Hardness Tester

Kauj ruam 2

Lub zog ntawm lub indenter yog nce ntawm tus nqi tswj los ntawm kev ntxiv dag zog ntxiv kom tau txais tag nrho cov kev xeem quab yuam. Tag nrho cov kev xeem quab yuam yog khaws cia rau lub sij hawm nyob hauv.

Three Cylinders Vertical Hydraulic Bending Testing Machine

Kauj ruam 3

Tshem tawm qhov kev sim ntxiv thiab rov qab mus rau qhov kev sim thawj zaug. Tom qab tswj xyuas lub zog ua ntej rau lub sijhawm nyob hauv tsev, ntsuas qhov kawg indentation qhov tob. Rockwell hardness tus nqi yog muab los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kawg indentation qhov tob thiab lub hauv paus indentation qhov tob nyob rau hauv thawj qhov kev sim quab yuam. Tshem tawm qhov kev sim ua ntej thiab txav lub indenter kom deb ntawm cov qauv.

Manual Spring Compression and Extension Testing Machine

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Hardness Testers

Nov yog qee qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb uas siv cov tshuab ntsuas qhov nyuaj tuaj yeem muab tau:

Kev ntsuas tseeb thiab meej

Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm digital hardness tester yog nws qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb. Txawm tias muaj tseeb npaum li cas ib tug neeg xav tias lawv nyob rau hauv kev ntsuas thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv, yeej ib txwm muaj sij hawm rau tib neeg yuam kev. Feem ntau, lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sim hardness yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tawm hauv chav rau qhov yuam kev. Nrog rau kev siv cov sensors siab heev thiab software digital hardness testers ntsuas qhov hardness ntawm cov khoom kom raug nrog me me kom tsis muaj chaw yuam kev. Cov zaub digital kuj tso cai rau kev nyeem ntawv meej, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj xyuas kom zoo thiab ua kom cov khoom ua tau raws li cov qauv kev lag luam.

Tus neeg siv-phooj ywg interface

Yuav kom nyob twj ywm ntawm qhov tau txais kev nyeem ntawv raug, koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nkag siab cov ntaub ntawv uas yog los ntawm hardness tester, thiab yooj yim tswj tus tester hu rau hauv cov kev ntsuam xyuas uas koj xav tau. Digital hardness testers yog tsim los nrog cov neeg siv-phooj ywg interface, ua rau lawv yooj yim siv. Cov zaub digital muab kev nyeem meej thiab meej, thiab tus neeg ntsuas kev tswj hwm yog qhov ncaj thiab nkag siab. Qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem kawm paub siv tus ntsuas sai sai, txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua yuam kev thiab tsim cov ntawv nyeem kom raug. Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem ua cov xeem tau engineers thiab manufacturers ntseeg tau.

Automating Test Cov txheej txheem thiab cov txiaj ntsig

Ib qho kev tsis siv neeg hardness feem ntau muaj cov kev ntsuas uas tswj tau tag nrho, suav nrog kev pib tig lossis tig turret thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv Z axis los ntawm lub taub hau / indenter vaj tsev lossis los ntawm lub tshuab spindle-tsav rau ob qho tib si siv lub indent ntawm lub zog predetermined raws li zoo li tsom rau cov qauv. Ntxiv rau qhov no lub desktop lossis lub khoos phis tawj lub khoos phis tawj nrog lub siab tawv hardness software ntsia, tsis siv neeg XY hla lub cev muaj zog theem thiab lub koob yees duab USB, thiab qhov tshwm sim yog lub zog, tag nrho tsis siv neeg hardness kuaj system.

Tus nqi siv tau rau lub sijhawm ntev

Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv tawv tawv digital tuaj yeem muaj tus nqi siab dua piv rau cov khoom siv tawv tawv tawv, lawv muaj kev txuag nyiaj mus sij hawm ntev. Qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb ntawm digital hardness testers txo qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev sim ntxiv thiab txo cov khoom pov tseg, txuag cov nqi hauv lub sijhawm ntev. Lub peev xwm los ntsuas qhov hardness ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv siv ib lub twj paj nruag kuj txo qhov kev xav tau ntawm ntau yam twj paj nruag, txo cov nqi ntxiv.

 
Hardness Testers Parameters (Siv Digital Rockwell Hardness Tester ua piv txwv)

 

Qauv HTR-150S
Kev ntsuas ntau 20-88HRA, 20-100HRB, 20-70HRC
Tag Nrho Kev Xeem 60 KGF (588.4N), 100 KGF (980.7N), 150 KGF (1471N)
Max. Qhov siab ntawm Specimen 210 hli
Max. Qhov tob ntawm Specimen 165 hli
Min. Scale tus nqi 0.1HR
Indication of Hardness Value Cov zaub nrog loj LCD npo
Net nyhav 98kq ua
Zuag qhia tag nrho Dimension 522 x 220 x 729 hli (L × W × H)

Hom Hardness Testers

Muaj 7 yam tseem ceeb ntawm hardness tester:

 

 

Digital Display Small Capacity Single Column Universal Testing Machine

Rockwell Hardness Tester

Rockwell hardness testers yog cov feem ntau siv ntawm txhua hom hardness testers. Txoj kev Rockwell muaj kev ntsuas ceev thiab raug ntawm hardness ntawm yuav luag txhua cov hlau thiab qee cov yas (saib Rockwell nplai hauv qab). Qhov ntau ntawm cov nplai siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev Rockwell ua rau nws haum rau ntau daim ntawv thov. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias nws muaj ntau yam, nws tsis muaj qhov ua tau zoo thaum ntsuas cov khoom me me, uas xav tau lwm hom hardness testers.

Brinell Hardness Tester

Brinell hardness test method raws li siv los txiav txim siab Brinell hardness, yog txhais hauv ASTM E10. Feem ntau nws yog siv los kuaj cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov qauv uas ntxhib dhau los yog muaj qhov ntxhib dhau los sim siv lwm txoj kev sim, piv txwv li, castings thiab forgings. Kev sim Brinell feem ntau siv qhov kev ntsuas siab heev (3000kgf) thiab 10mm dav indenter kom qhov tshwm sim indentation nruab nrab tawm feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw thiab sub-surface inconsistencies.

Vickers Hardness Tester

Tsim los ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau Brinell, Vickers txoj kev tau tsim los ntawm Smith thiab Sandland thaum ua haujlwm ntawm Vickers Ltd hauv xyoo 1924. Vickers hardness testers hu ua microhardness testers. Lawv yog cov hom hardness testers uas muaj qhov dav dav, thaum lub zog qis thiab qhov qis qis ua kom qhov ntsuas ntawm cov hlau mos thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyias xws li ntawv ci. Lawv kuj tseem siv los ntsuas qhov me me lossis cov ntu me ntawm cov qauv loj.

Knoop Hardness Tester

Lwm txoj hauv kev rau Vickers, Knoop hardness test yog microhardness test siv tshwj xeeb rau cov ntaub ntawv nkig heev lossis cov ntawv nyias. Qhov me me thiab cov duab ntawm cov indenter ntawm cov hom hardness testers tso cai rau qhov no. Lub pob zeb diamond duab yog elongated, ua rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov indentation. Qhov no nthuav tawm lub zog tawm, thiab thaj chaw muaj zog tsawg dua txhais tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv nkig tsis tshua muaj kev sib tsoo hauv kev sim. Nyias ceramics yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no.

Webster Hardness Tester

Webster hardness test method tau pib hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nws yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv me me, qhov twg quab yuam yog siv los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-loaded kov. Webster testers yog hom hardness testers uas yooj yim thiab ceev siv, nrog hardness tshwm sim nyeem ncaj qha los ntawm qhov taw qhia nrog ib qho yooj yim clamp. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau ntawm qhov chaw soj ntsuam zoo thiab tuaj yeem kuaj cov txhuas alloys, tooj dag, tooj liab thiab me me hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov tseem ceeb siv yog ntsuas slabs.

Ntug Hardness Tester

Shore hardness testers (shore durometers) yog hom hardness testers siv los ntsuas hardness ntawm rubbers thiab yas. Feem ntau muaj ob pawg ntxiv ntawm Shore hardness hom uas suav nrog Shore A thiab Shore D. Shore hardness ntsuas ua haujlwm los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-loaded steel pas nrig nrog lub khob hliav qab ntawm lub taub. Cov qauv kuaj yog positioned ncaj nraim nyob rau hauv lub bevelled cone. Lub hardness tester yog ces nias tawm tsam cov khoom kom txog thaum lub tiaj hlau phaj nyob rau hauv qab yog theem nrog cov qauv elastomer.

Leeb Hardness Tester

Leeb hardness test method, tseem hu ua Equotip method, yog thawj zaug tsim los ntawm ib lub tuam txhab swiss hauv xyoo 1975. Cov qauv no ntsuas qhov nrawm ntawm qhov rov qab thaum lub pob carbide lossis pob zeb diamond-tipped taub hau yog propelled rau saum npoo. Standardized nyob rau hauv ASTM A956-17, Leeb hardness testers yog haum rau kev ntsuam xyuas loj workpieces, tshaj 5KG. Haum rau kev siv ntawm cov khoom siv hlau feem ntau, cov qauv yuav tsum muaj kev npaj, du tiav rau kev nyeem ntawv raug.
Cov qauv uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li thaum siv lub Hardness Testing Tshuab los kuaj Hardness

Cov txheej txheem hardness sib txawv muaj cov qauv sib txawv. Feem ntau hais lus, thoob ntiaj teb lees paub cov qauv ntsuas qhov nyuaj yog cov uas tau tshaj tawm los ntawm ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) thiab ISO (International Organization for Standardization). Cov npe hauv qab no yog cov qauv ASTM thiab ISO rau hardness kuaj plaub ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nrov tshaj plaws:

 

  • ASTM E10 Cov Lus Qhia:Cov qauv no suav nrog Brinell hardness kuaj hauv cov qauv hlau.

  • ASTM E18 Cov Lus Qhia:Cov qauv no suav nrog ntau txoj hauv kev uas Rockwell hardness tuaj yeem ntsuas los ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem, tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv hlau.

  • ASTM E384 Txheem:Cov qauv no yog rau kev sim hardness ntawm micro-scale, thiab yog li suav nrog Vickers thiab Knoop hardness tests.

  • ISO 6506 Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj:Cov qauv no tsom iav ASTM E10, raws li nws muaj cov txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas Brinell hardness ntawm cov hlau.

  • ISO 6507:Cov qauv no muaj cov ntsiab lus rau Vickers hardness test nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hlau.

  • ISO 6508 Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj:Cov qauv no zoo ib yam li ASTM E18, raws li nws cuam tshuam nrog Rockwell hardness tests, ob qho tib si sab nrauv thiab tsis tu ncua, rau cov qauv hlau.

  • ISO 4545:Cov qauv no suav nrog Knoop hardness kuaj rau cov hlau.

Universal Testing Machine 1000kn
 
Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Lub Hardness Tester?

Nov yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog ua ntej xaiv lub hardness tester:

Kuaj Load
Qhov no yog txiav txim los ntawm hardness ntawm cov khoom. Cov hlau xws li hlau lossis hlau alloys, piv txwv li, yuav tsum tau kuaj ntsuas txog li 3, 000 KGF, thaum cov hlau mos yuav tsum tsuas yog 500 KGF. Qhov siab dua qhov load, qhov raug siab dua. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov kev xav yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1/10 ntawm lub thickness ntawm cov qauv.
Hardness Range
Txiav txim siab cov khoom ntawm lub indenter. Tshaj 650 HB / 30 hardness, koj yuav tsum nyiam lub pob zeb diamond indenter. Hauv qab no tus nqi, steel lossis hard hlau indenters yog haum.
Qib raug
Nyob ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ntsuas (kev huv, tiaj tus, zoo li qub lossis dynamic system, thiab lwm yam).
Adaptability ntawm Device
Nws qhov tseem ceeb sib txawv raws li cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum tau kuaj.
 
Peb Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj

 

Peb lub tuam txhab tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj hauv qab no

productcate-1367-853

 
Cov duab Hoobkas

 

Hauv qab no yog cov duab ntawm peb lub Hoobkas rau koj saib

productcate-1500-932

 

productcate-400-400
productcate-400-400
productcate-400-400
productcate-400-400
productcate-400-400

productcate-1500-987

Qhov kawg Guide

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov mechanism ntawm hardness tester?

A: Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj hardness testers feem ntau tuaj yeem tawg mus rau ib qho yooj yim txav ntawm ib lub bar, los yog lub puab tsaig, uas compresses cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm ob daim hlau nyuaj, yuam nws tawg nyob rau hauv lub siab thiab yog li, txiav txim siab lub zog yuav tsum tau.

Q: Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm portable hardness tester yog dab tsi?

A: Portable Leeb hardness test yog ua los ntawm txoj kev Rebound. Tus nqi hardness yog muab los ntawm lub zog poob ntawm lub cev muaj feem cuam tshuam tom qab cuam tshuam rau cov qauv hlau.

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov feem ntau ntawm kev kuaj hardness?

A: Kev ntsuam xyuas Rockwell yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws los ntawm kev tsim txiaj ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau sai thiab feem ntau yog siv rau cov hlau thiab hlau. Knoop thiab Vickers kuaj yog tsim nyog rau cov ntaub ntawv nyias, coatings, thiab mounted metallographic Cheebtsam.

Q: Koj siv phau ntawv hardness tester li cas?

A: Muab cov qauv los yog Rockwell kuaj thaiv ntawm lub dab teg. Xyuas kom tseeb tias lub hauv qab ntawm cov qauv yog dawb los ntawm nplai thiab burrs. Nqa cov qauv mus rau kev sib cuag nrog lub indenter / penetrator los ntawm tig lub capstan handwheel clockwise. Txuas ntxiv tig mus kom txog thaum tus taw tes me me nyob ze ntawm thaj chaw dub lossis qhov chaw.

Q: Lub hom phiaj ntawm Vickers hardness tester yog dab tsi?

A: Feem ntau, Vickers hardness test yog siv los txiav txim siab hardness hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv micro hardness test load range. Txawm li cas los xij, Knoop hardness test feem ntau yog siv thaum hardness kuaj cov txheej nyias, xws li coatings, los yog kov yeej qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nkig.

Q: Qhov txawv ntawm Rockwell thiab Vickers tester yog dab tsi?

A: Txoj kev Rockwell yuav tsum tsis muaj cov khoom siv npaj, thiab nws yog ib qho ntawm cov kev sim siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau vim nws yooj yim nyeem tau ntawm hardness tus nqi thiab pheej yig dua los ua. Txoj kev Vickers, ntawm qhov tod tes, yuav tsum tau npaj cov khoom siv thiab ua rau tus nqi siab dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Q: Lub hardness txhais li cas?

A: Hardness yog qhov tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov yas deformation hauv zos. Hardness ranges los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj heev xws li pob zeb diamond, boron-carbide mus rau lwm yam ceramics thiab cov hlau nyuaj rau cov hlau mos thiab mus rau cov yas thiab cov ntaub so ntswg.

Q: Qhov kev kuaj hardness twg yog qhov tseeb dua?

A: Rockwell test. Qhov feem ntau siv thiab feem ntau yog qhov tseeb hardness test yog Rockwell test, raws li tau hais tseg hauv ASTM E-18.

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thickness rau Vickers hardness kuaj?

A: Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qauv thickness (hauv mm) yuav tsum yog 1.5 npaug ntawm qhov nruab nrab kab pheeb ces kaum ntev ntawm qhov indentation thiab tuaj yeem coj los ntawm daim duab.

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Rockwell thiab ntug hardness?

A: Thaum ob qho tib si ntsuas qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm plastics rau indentation - ntau dua tus lej txhais tau tias muaj zog dua ntawm koj cov khoom - Ntug hardness siv ob lub Shore A lossis Shore D nplai. Txoj kev Rockwell, lub sijhawm no, yog siv rau 'nyuaj' yas: Polycarbonate.

Q: Qhov txawv ntawm Brinell thiab Rockwell hardness kuaj tshuab yog dab tsi?

A: Kev kuaj Brinell hardness siv 10 hli hardened steel pob, thaum lub Rockwell xeem siv ib tug ntau me me pob steel (<4mm) or a diamond cone, depending on the material being tested. The Rockwell test measure the depth of the indentation, while the Brinell test measures the width of the indentation.

Q: Vickers hardness test tseem hu ua dab tsi?

A: Vickers hardness test method, kuj hu ua microhardness test method, feem ntau yog siv rau qhov me me, nyias nyias, lossis cov ntaub ntawv qhov tob.

Q: Dab tsi yog yam uas cuam tshuam rau Vickers hardness test?

A: Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntsuas zoo heev nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm qhov thaiv rau kev ntsuas Vickers, yog li qhov tseem ceeb dua tau raug ntaus nqi rau qhov txiaj ntsig no. Hardness ununiformity ntawm lub block yog ib tug random cim.

Q: Dab tsi yuav tsum tau ceev faj thaum siv lub hardness tester?

A: Ib txwm hnav qhov muag tiv thaiv thaum siv Rockwell hardness tester. Qauv Geometry. Zam cov duab tsis zoo. Hardness test specimens yuav tsum muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm sab saum toj thiab hauv qab.

Q: Dab tsi yog kev siv lub tshuab kuaj hardness?

A: Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev sim hardness yog los txiav txim siab qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom siv, lossis kev kho tshwj xeeb uas nws tau dhau los. Tus nqi ntawm hardness yuav tsum ib txwm raug soj ntsuam raws li cov kev sib raug zoo hauv qab no: hom indenter thiab nws cov geometry, muab load rau ntawm lub indenter.

Q: Yuav ua li cas koj calibrate hardness tester?

A: Cov txheej txheem calibration suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub qhov quav thiab qhov indenter, tom qab ntawd ua tsib qhov kev sim hardness ntawm peb qhov kev ntsuas qhov tawv tawv, uas sawv cev rau qhov siab, nruab nrab thiab qis ntawm txhua qhov ntsuas tau txheeb xyuas.

Peb paub zoo tias yog ib qho ntawm cov ua hardness tester manufacturers hauv Suav teb. Thov so assured mus yuav cov khoom zoo hardness tester muag ntawm no los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Rau nqe kev sab laj, tiv tauj peb.